Communication system



Al1g 28, 1951 D. B. CRUIKSHANK COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 30, 1949 All' Imi dit NNN Aug- 28, 1951 D. B. CRUIKSHANK COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 50, 1949 QMS Q @Hoznctj Aug. 28, 1951 D. B. cRulKsHANK COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 5 Sheets-Sheet Filed June 30, 1949 m. w Q .v m N H glllllllllllllllllIIIIIIII-llllllll Sv-*Nwdubwmg vWQ/rvI/OTf Doug/als B. Cruikshalnk www@ A7TORNEY Patented Aug. 28, 1951 UNITED YSTATES PATENT OFFICE COMIVIUNICATION SYSTEM Douglas B. Cruikshank, Alexandria, Va. Application June 30, 1949, Serial No. 102,185 claims. (C1. 11s- 23) *E (Granted under the act of March 3, 1883', as amended April 30, 1928; 370 UJG. 757) 'Ihe invention described herein, if patented, may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon.

This invention relates to communications sysy tems and more :particularly to a novel method of automatic transmission and reception of tele'- graphic messages. This method is especially suitable for transmission and reception of intelligence over both wire and radio circuits.

.'jority of the functions which are lpresently me- ,chanicaL It is a further object of this invention to provide a system of communications which is capable of accommodating message transmission and reception speeds in excess of 300 words per minute.

It is also an object of this invention to utilize a novel telegraph code which may ybe effectively employed with the invention.

Still further objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which it relates from the following description of an embodiment thereof and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In carrying out the present invention utilization is made of a seven-unit code wherein the signal is composed of four (4) voltage pulses preceded by a single activating pulse-plus-space, all of equa1 widths, arranged in all possiblecombinations within a sequence of seven (7) equal time spaces. This will provide thirty-four combinations which are sufcient to accommodate the twenty-six letters of the alphabet, an upper case shift in printing type machines, a stop key, a start key and a bell, and four additional characters to be utilized as desired. This code can be used in connection with the standard typewriter or teletype printer keyboard which in its present state Lof development is universally used.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention as herein described and illustrated, the transmitter Yprovides a sequence o fpulses at proper intervals However, if it is desired to either increase or decrease the maximum speed of transmission, the pulse width may be decreased or increased by proper selection of components used in the system. i

Briey, depressing a character key of a t'y-pewriter or printer completes a direct-current `circuit which produces a surge of current ina resistance--capacitance 'peaking circuit. This peaked pulse activates a start-stop multivibrator which is connected to that particular character circuit. Simultaneously with the triggering of the multivibrator in the vforegoing circuit, another startlstop multivibrator istriggered by the pulse which is formed when any character key is closed, thus forming an activating pulse which precedes each signal and is used at the receiver to place it into an operating condition. The rstmentioned multivibrator produces a positive pulse of the desired Width (1400 microseconds in the illustrated case) which is fed simultaneously to four (4) of a bank of seven delay lines. These four delay lines delay the pulse fby differing increments of time so that when their youtputs are added,A four pulses Vare produced, occurring at regular intervals after the original activating pulse, which also appears. This train of pulses is then amplified and squared and fed to an outgoing line as the signal representing theparticular character key depressed. y

At the receiver station the signal comes in over the line and is fed directly to the grids of seven (7) amplifiers of a gating section. Simultaneously the signal is also" fed through a resistancecapacitance peaking circuit to a start-stop multi'- vibrator which generates a pulse of tz-ti microseconds width. The circuit constants are selected so that the recovery time for the multivibrator is just greater than the interval t9-to, so that it generate but one pulse per character. This pulse is peaked and is then fed through a series of start-stop multivibrators and resistance-capacitance peaking circuits so arranged in cascade that each one starts the next at intervals of 1400 microseconds. The negative pulses thus formed are fed to the cathode of ampliers I through l, respectively, lof the-gating section,` thus making them responsive ito pulses received during that time only. Such a pulse, if received and amplied, goes through a delay net which delays each pulse to the end of the character. There they add up to four times the Value of any one of the pulses but do so in only the appropriate one of. the biased keying amplifiers. The ampliiers are so biased that it takes more than three and less than ve pulse-heights to make them conductive. Upon conduction, plate current ows through the ,Y

solenoid of the particular teletypewr'iter strikerwhich is thus energized.

The invention will now be described in further detail in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a block'diagram representation of a transmitting system embodying the present invention.

Figure 2 is a block Ydiagram representation of a receiving system embodying the present invention.

Figure 3 is a diagram of a novel signalling code which is preferably used in connection with my invention.

For purposes of illustration, the description which follows will be based on the use of my invention in connection with a printer employing a standard keyboard. It may, however, be readily adapted for use with tape transmitters which operate at high speeds, actuated by a perforated paper tape that has had a message previously impressed on it.

Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to Figure 1, the reference numeral 300 refers to a portion of the signalling code which is fully illustrated in Figure 3 but which is included in Figure 1 for purposes of clarity. Fourteen of the 34 possible code combinations are shown, each code combination corresponding to a character key on the keyboard of the typewriter or printer. K1 to Kzi, inclusive, represent the individual character` keys on the typewriter. For purposes of clarity all the keys are not shown, keys K1s to Kas are omitted and will be considered to occupy positions on the diagram indicated by the broken line I 25. Character keys K1 to KM, inclusive, operate as circuit-closing means in the operation of the present invention, and are respectively connected to peaking circuits RC1 to RC34, inclusive. Peaking circuits RC1 to RCM are resistance-capacitance networks yof awellknown type which may be seen illustrated in Electronic Circuits and Tubes by Cruft Electronics Staff, page 147 and page 827, McGraw- I-Iill Book Co., New York, N. Y., 1947. Each resistance-capacitance circuit is in turn connected to its respective start-stop multivibrator circuit of al pulse-forming section. The start-stop multiyibrators MV1 to MV34, inclusive, are of the type illustrated in Electronics Circuits and Tubes by Cruft Electronics Staff, pages 843 to .863, et seq., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N. Y., 1947 These start-stop multivibrators MV1 to MV34, inclusive, are provided with circuit constants which will produce a positive pulse of the desired width. In the particular embodiment of the invention being described, the pulse Width is 1400 microseconds.

A direct-current source of potential, D. C. V, is used to supply the current in the circuit completed by the closing of character keys K1 to K34. inclusive. One side of the source of potential is connected common to character keys K1 through K34. A separate contact on K1 through Kn connects this source" of potential, when any one of 1the above keys are closed, to the start-stop multivibrator MVA, which is of the same categorical type as multivibrators MV1 to MV34, inclusive,

through a peaking circuit RCA, of the same categorical type as RC1 through RC34.

The output of each start-stop multivibrator, MV1 to MV34, inclusive, is fed simultaneously to four v(4) of a bank of seven (7) delay lines, the particular four depending on the coded symbol desired for that key. These delay lines, H0 to H6, inclusive, are of a type well known in the art and may be of the type described in Electronic Circuits and Tubes, by Cruit Electronics Staff, Chapter VIII, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N. Y., 1947. For purposes of clarity the connecting means from each start-stop multivibrator to the delay sections are not all shown. For descriptive purposes, the connections from MV5 are shown and indicated by reference numerals I04 to I'I, inclusive, which are shown as connecting MV5 with delay lines III, II2, H4 and H6, respectively. These numerous connections between the pulse forming section and the delay lines include some form of one way impedances |26, such as diodes or other types of wellknown rectier units. These are included to reduce possible feedback due to the connections involved.

The four delay lines which are connected to a particular start-stop multivibrator of the pulse forming section delay the pulse by differing increments of time, so that when their respective outputs are combined, four pluses are produced and occur at desired intervals after the original activating pulse. For purposes of clarity Figure l includes a time division scale to the right of the delay line section. Since the pulses forming the code are combinations of 4 in 7, these time divisions are indicated by the reference symbols t2, t3, I4, 155,756, t7, "s, t9. AS will be seen by reference to a similar time division scale to the left of Figure 1, the time division tu to t1v is used for the start pulse, and the time division t1 to t2 is used for a space.

In the particular condition illustrated in Figure 1, delay line III delays the pulse from MVs so that it occurs during the time interval te to t4 by delaying the pulse by an amount d2=tato- Similarly, delay line H2 delays the pulse from MV5 so that it occurs during an interval t4 to t5, by delaying the pulse by an amount dar-ti-to. To complete the code, delay lines H11 and IIS delay the pulse from MV5 by amounts ds=ts-to and d1=t8tn, respectively. Thus, when these pulses are combined in the output they result in a pulse code combinationcorresponding to the character key depressed.

From the foregoing discussion, the sequence of connections to the other 33 start-stop multivibrators to combinations of 4 of 7 of delay lines HD to H6, respectively, will be immediately apparent to those skilled in the art. Delay lines I I0, I I3, and I I5 delay pulses recevied by them from the pulse forming section by the amounts d1=t2-to, d4=t5to, and d6=t1-to, respectively.

The outputs of delay lines III] to H6, inclusive, are fed into the input of a linear mixer and ampliier I2I. A description of this type of amj nection with Figure l.

plier may be found in Electronic Circuits and Tubes, XXIV, page 837, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N. Y., 1947. The output of the amplier is fed through a pulse squaring and output amplifier and then to an Outgoing line. Pulse squaring and output amplifiers are well-known in the art and may be found fully explained and illustrated in Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Radiation Laboratory Series, vol. 5, (Pulse Generators), Part II, Chapter 6, pages 175 to 213, McGraw-I-Iill Book C0., New York, N. Y., 1948. Reference numeral |24 illustrates the signal pulses as fed to the line. The starting pulse |23, as previously explained, forms a part of each code combination.

Referring now to Figure 2, reference numeral indicates a code combination, corresponding to a character, coming in over line 200. In the particular instance illustrated, signal 20| is identical to the signal impulse transmitted by the transmitter section and indicated by reference numberal |24 of Figure 1. For purposes of clarity the time division scale is again included. The block diagram arrangement of Figure 2 functions to sort out the signal received and feed the correct signal to its corresponding character type on the printing equipment. As indicated by Figure 2, signal 20| is fed simultaneously, over connections 203 to 209, inclusive, to the grid or input terminals G of the seven (7) gating amplifiers 229 to 235, respectively, and also via connection 202 through a resistancecapacitance peaking circuit R042 to a start-stop multivibrator 2 |3. R042. and 2|3 are of the same categorical type as those referred to in the discussion of Figure 1. The start-stop multivibrator circuit 2I3, connected to trigger by a negative pulse, produces a pulse 2|4 of tz-tl microseconds width and timing. The circuit constants of multivibrator 2|3 are such that the recovery time for the multivibrator is just greater than tc-to, so that .it generates only one f pulse per character, or code combination. Pulse 2|4 is peaked by network RC35 and fed into a series of start-stop multivibrators MVas to MV41, inclusive, and a series of resistance-capacitance peaking networks RCse to RC41, respectively, The multivibrators and peaking circuits are arranged alternately in cascade so that each one starts the next at intervals of 16100` microseconds or such time as is chosen for one pulse-width. Multivibrator MVas is of the type to be actuated by a negative peak, while multivibrators MVae t0 MV41, inclusive, are actuated by positive peaks. The actuating sequence is illustrated by means of arrows on the diagram of Figure 2.

The multivibrators MVss to MVn produce negative pulses 2|'| to 223, inclusive. The negative pulses so formed are fed to the cathodes K of amplifiers 229 to 235, inclusive, of the gating section, thus making them responsive to signalpulses received during the duration of these negative pulses only. Such signal pulse, if received and amplified, is fed through a delay network which delays the pulse to the end of the character. The delay networks 2'36 to 242, inclusive, are associated with their respective ampliers, 229 to 235 and are of the type previously described in con- The outputs of the delay networks are connected to biased keying ampliers BA of a well-known type. These ampli- `fiers may be found completely described in ,Elecby Cruft Electronicsv Staff, Chapter 6 Staff.' Chapter XXIV, particularly page` 837, `Mc- Graw-Hill Book Co., New York, N. Y., 1947. Amplifiers 229 to 235, inclusive, are so biased that it takes the voltage output of more than three, Vbut less than five, pulses to make them conductive. Because of the manner in which the inputs of the biased keying amplifiers are connected to the output of the delay networks, that amplifier which is connected to the four delay networks involved in the transmission of a particular character will be made to conduct directcurrent from a power supply of standard type (not shown). the others will remain non-conductive. That is, since in the example under consideration, bias keying amplier 244 is connected to outputs of delay networks 231, 238, 240, and 242, these will add linearly in the outputof the networks to provide the necessary input signal to overcome the bias of amplifier 244 causing it to conduct. Since the amplified outputs are connected to solenoids actuating a typewriter represented by character keys to 34, inclusive, the output pulse 245 of amplifier 244 will energize the actuating solenoid (not shown) of character key 5 causing it to operate.

For a better understanding of the sequence of operations which take place during transmission and reception of signals in accordance with the present invention, let us assume that character key Ks of Figure 1 has been depressed. The closing of Kr, completes a direct current circuit and applies source of potential D. C. V to the circuit. Y

This results in a surge of current 10| which is passed through a peaking circuit RC5. The peaked pulse |02 is used to activate the startstop multivibrator in that circuit MVs. Simultaneously with the closing of K5, another startstop multivibrator MVA is triggered, forming an activating pulse |09. This activating pulse precedes each signal and is used later to place the receiver into an operating condition. Multivibrator MV5 produces a positive pulse |03 of the desired width to-t1=1400 microseconds in the embodiment illustrated. Pulse |03 is then fed simultaneously to four (4) of a bank of seven (7 delay lines. In the assumed situation, pulse |03 is fed to delay lines ||2, II4 and IIS, respectively. The function of the delay lines is to delay the pulse by differing amounts of time so that when their outputs are combined, four pulses are produced, occurring at proper intervals. These pulses are shown on Figure 1 as Ill, II8, I9 and |20'. vThe activating pulse is combined with pulses Ill, |18, |I9 and |20 to complete the code. These are then amplified by amplifier |2I, and squared by amplifier |22 and fed out on the line as the desired signal |24.

Coming to the receiver end, Figure 2' shows the line 200, which delivers the signal 20| which, under the assumed condition corresponds to transmitted signal |24 of Figure 1. Signal 20| is fed directly to the grid circuits G of seven (7) ampliers 229 to 235, inclusive, of the gating section, over lines 203 to '209, inclusive. The signal is also fed through a resistive-capacitive peaking circuit R042 and from there to start-stop multivibrator 2|3 which generates a pulse of tz-ti microseconds width and timing. The circuit constants of 2|3 are such that its recovery time is just greater than tg-t0, so that it will generate only one pulse 2`|4 per character. Pulse 2|4 is peaked by R035 as indicated at 2|6, and goes through a series of multivibrators and resistanceitronic Circuits and Tubes by Gruft, Electronics j7 5 capacitive peaking circuits so arranged in cascade thatv each' startsl` the'Y next at intervals of 1400 microseconds (inthe pulse width assumedfor this instance). The pathl ofi the pulse isindicated by' means' of arrows inthe enabling section 2I5 of Figure 1. The negativepulseswhich are formed are fed to thecathode'circuitslof amplifiers 229 to 235, respectively, ofA gating. section 224g thus making them responsive to` pulses received at their grids during that timeV only. Such a pulse, ifv received` andi amplified-g is fed through a delay network which delays eachA pulse to the end: of the character. There they addup t'o four times the value of any one pulse.k This, however, happens-only inthe appropriateoneof the biased keying ampliiiersbecauseof the abovedescribed gating action andthe connectionsvmade. In theV example assumed the outputs of ampli', ii'ers 233, 231-, 233?V and 235- are: delayed bynet'- works 23T, 2738, 240 and 242, respectivelyfsd that the input tothe biasedy amplier 244` associated withv key 5 causes it'to conductandproduce an output pulse Z655 actuating key 5. The remain.- ingV biasedV ampliers will receive signals not greater than 3 pulse-heights and hence will not conduct. Amplifiers BA` are biased so that they require more than three and-less'thanlflvt pulseheights to make them conductive. The output of the respective biasedamplifiers BA energizes a solenoid (not shown) of the particular key to" be actuated.

While the foregoing description related to the use ofthe invention in connectionwith communications, it willbe apparent toA those skilled inthe art thatit-may be adapted to other uses. For eX- ample, presentY high-speed. electronic computing machines are handicapped by the slowness of the printing. ofI theY answers producedl by such machines. This applies to all types of digital computers. Particularly is this true of computers which utilize commercial printers, of the type used in printing telegraph systems, for the recording of results. Such results are limited to the maximum printing. speed ofsuch machines. lThrough the. use of my invention in conjunction with the computer the speed of operation could be increased Several times. Practically all types of computers which depend upon the use of printers could readily be modified to transmit a sevenpulse code adapting them for use with-my invention.

While a preferredembodiment of the invention has been set forth in the drawings and specifications, other modiiications thereof will readily occur to those skilled in the art without departing from' the spirit of the invention as set' forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

l. .a communication system comprising'a'transm'it'ting means, a receiving means, a communication channel between the transmitting andreceiving' means; said transmitting means comprising, a circuit including a source'of potential; a plurality of circuit-closing instrumenta-lines eachirepre'- senting a character to'beA transmitted; means for producing a' iirst pulse each timeA said circuit is closed and means for forminglaserieslo'f pulses in accordance with a perrmitationy code for each character to be transmitted, said' last-named meansincluding aplurality means each imparting adifljerent time delay to said first pulse; means for'producing a second-pulse tobeinc'lud'ed with each'of said series ofvv pulses, means for amplifying and squaring said pulses' and feeding them to said channel; said receiving means havingm'eans for receiving saic pulses from said channel comprising a starting circuit,.means for producing a chain of substantially square pulses, a gating section including amplifiers, and means for actuating a utilization device, said starting circuit responsive toV said second pulse for producing one pulse per received character and actuating said means for producing a chain of substantially square pulses, said means for producing including means for gating the amplifiers of said gating sectionmeans for feeding the incoming signal to each ampliiier of said gating section whereby the signal triggers the amplifiers gated: at the appropriate instant, delay means in the output of each amplifier of gating section to delay'all pulses to the end of each character, and selective connections to a plurality of biased arnpliiiers from said delay means, whereby for each Ireceived signal character the outputs of certain of said gating amplifiers are added and impressed on thel biased ampiiiier causing it to conduct and operate the utilization device.

'2. A communication system in accordance with claim l wherein the said permutation code comprises a seven-unit code wherein each character to be transmitted is composed of four voltage pulses preceded by a singe actuating pulse.

3. A communications system comprising a transmitting means, a receiving means, and a communications channel between the transmitting and receiving means; said transmitting means comprising a circuit including a source of direct current potential, a plurality of circuitclosing instrumentalities each representing a character to be transmitted, means for producing a rst pulse each time said circuit is closed including a resistance-capacitance pulse peaking circuit anda start-stop multivibrator, and means for formingY a first series of pulses in accordance with a permutation code for each character to be transmitted, said last-named means including means for imparting different time delays to said pulse; means for producing an actuating first pulse to be included with each of said series ci pulses, means for amplifying and squaring all pulses and feeding them to said channel; said receiving means having means for receiving said pulses from said channel comprising a starting section including means responsive to said actuating pulse only, an enabling section responsive to the output of said starting section, a gating section including a plurality of amplifiers, and means for actuating a utilization device, said starting section producing one pulse per received character-representing pulses and actuating said enabling section, said enabling circuit including means for gating the amplifiers of said gating section, said means comprising a series of multivibrator means for feeding the incoming signal to each amplier of said gating section whereby the incoming signal triggers the amplifiers gated at the appropriate instant, delay means in the output of each of the amplifiers of the gating section tovdelay all pulses to the end of each character, and selective connections to a plurality of biased amplifiersfrom said delay means, whereby foreach receivedY character signal the outputs of certain'of said amplifiers are added and impressed on said biased amplifier causing it to conduct and operate the utilization device.

4. In a communication system having a sending apparatus and a receiving apparatus, the combination in the sending apparatus of a circuit including a source of potential, a plurality of circuit-closing instrumentalitiesl each representing a symbol tobe transmitted, means in circuit with said instrumentalities to produce a pulse each time any of thesame instrumentalities is operated, a plurality of delay means, means to initiate the sequential operation of selected-delay means for producing a series oi" pulses representative of the symbol to be transmitted, and pulse squaring and amplifying .means controlled by means con-` nected to all of said delay means, for squaring and amplifying the produced pulses tov produce pulses in the output of said amplifying means which are substantially of identical amplitude and time duration. f 5. In a communication system having a transmitting means, a receiving means and a communication channel between the transmitting and receiving means, the combination comprising said transmitting means of a circuit including a direct current source of potential, a plurality of circuit closing means each representing a symbol to be transmitted, means in connection with said circuit closing means for producing a first pulse each time any of' said circuit-closing means is operated, a plurality of delay means responsive to said rst pulse for initiating the seouential operation of selected delay circuit means for producing a series of pulses representative of the symbol to be transmitted, means for producing a second pulse to be included with said series of pulses, said second pulse being produced simultaneously with said first pulse, and pulse souaring and amplifying means controlled by means connected to all of said delay circuit means and to means for producing said second pulses, for scuaring and amplifying the series of pulses and said second pulse. to produce a series of pulses which are substantially of identical amplitude and time duration.

6. In a signalingsystem. means for producing groups of pulses, each pulse representative of a symbol to be transmitted, comprising a circuit including a source of potential, a plurality of circuit-closing instrumentalities in said circuit, each representing a symbol to be transmitted, means in circuit with said instrumentalities to generate a pulse each time any of the same instrumentalities is operated', a plurality of delay means to initiate the sequential operation of selected delay means for producing a series of pulses representative of a symbol to be transmitted, and pulse squaring and amplifying means controlled by means connected to all of the delay means, for squaring and amplifying the produced pulses in the output of said amplifying means which are in accordance with a predetermined code.

7. In a communication system having a transmitting means, a receiving means and a communications channel between the transmitter and receiving means, the combination comprising said receiving means of a circuit including means for f receiving groups of pulses wherein each group represents a symbol transmitted by said transmitting means, said means for receiving comprising a starting circuit, an enabling circuit, a gating section including amplifiers, and means for actuating a utilization device, said starting circuit producing one pulse per received group and actuating said enabling sections, said enabling circuit including a plurality of trigger circuits arranged in cascade wherein they are triggered in a time sequence each producing a gating pulse, means for gating the amplifiers of said gating sections, means for feeding the incoming signal to each ampliiier of said gating section whereby the group of pulses triggers the amplifiers gated by said gating pulse at the appropriate instant, delay 1z0 means in the output ofeach amplifier of the gating section to delay all-pulses of a group to the end of each symbol, and selective connecting means to a plurality of biased amplifiers from said delay means said connecting means including unidirectional conductingmeans for preventing coupling between biased amplifiers, whereby for each received group of Vpulses the outputs of certain gating amplifiers are added and impressed on the biased'amplier causing it to conduct andY operate a utilization device. v

8. A systemg for transmitting intelligencebearing symbols comprising: means for producing a group of pulses. representing a symbol to be transmitted, said pulses arranged in accordance with-.a permutation code, said means for producing comprising means for producing a rst puls-e, a plurality of means responsive to saidrst pulse,eachproducing` a second pulse, a plurality of delay means connected to each of said means responsive whereby said second pulse undergoes a different delay in passing through said delay means, and means for combining the outputs of said delay means and said first pulse thereby producing said group of pulses.

9. In a communications system utilizing permutation code signals for characters to be transmitted, said code signals comprising a plurality of voltage pulses preceded by a single pulse and in Which all pulses are of equal widths, means for receiving said code signals comprising: a plurality of gating amplifiers, means for feeding said code signals to each of said ampliers, means responsive to the first pulse only of said code signals, said means responsive producing an output pulse which sequentially triggers a plurality of pulse producing circuits, means connecting each of said pulse producing circuits to a respective gating amplier, whereby each amplier in turn is gated by the respective pulse producing circuit, a delay means connected to` the output of each amplier, said delay means delaying the pulses of a group to the end of each signal, and selective connecting means to a plurality of biased amplifiers from said delay means, whereby for each received group of code signals the outputs of certain gating ampliers are added and impressed on the biased amplier representing the signal received causing it to conduct and operate a utilization device.

10. A communications system comprising a transmitting means, a receiving means and a communications channel between the transmiting and receiving means; said transmitting means comprising a circuit including a source of direct current potential, a plurality of circuitclosing instrumentalities each representing a character to be transmitted, means for producing a rst pulse each time said circuit is closed, means responsive to said rst pulse for forming a series of pulses in accordance with a permutation code for each character to be transmitted, said last-named means including a plurality of delay circuits each imparting a different time delay to said rst pulse; means for producing a starting pulse to be included with each of said seriesof pulses, and means for shaping all of said pulses and feeding them to said channel; said receiving means having means for receiving said pulses from said channel comprising: a starting circuit which is responsive to said starting pulse, means responsive to the output of said starting circuit for producing a sequential chain of gating pulses, said means responsive including a series of multivibrators, a plurality of gating ampliers, *me-ans connecting theoutput ofl each of lsaid multivibratorsfto a respective amplifier, means for feeding a portionl'of the outputof certain Vof said multivibrators to initiatefthe operation ofV another of said multivibrators, means forvfeeding the series-of-pulses to eachV gating amplier, wherebythe signaltriggers the amplifiers-rendered operative by saidV gating-pulses; delay means in theroutput of each amplifier to delayf all -p'ulses'- to :theend of each character,- and selective connections? from said delay 'means made in accordance with said permutation code towa plurality-of biasedampliers, whereby for each received signal character the outputs of the gated amplifiers are'added and impressed on the biased amplifier representing the signal character receivedlcausing'it to conduct and to operate a utilization` device.

DOUGLASSB; CRUIKSHANK.

The following references are of record in thel 12 REFERENCES.Y CITED file of this patent:

UNITEDv STATESV PATENTS Number Re. 22,394 2,172,354 2,403,561 2,412,974 '2,415,345 2,443,198 2,471,138

, Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,565,479 August 28, 1951 DOUGLAS B. CRUIKSHANK It `:ls hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 8, line 26, for singe read single;

and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the ease in the Patent Oce.

Signed and sealed this 1st day of January, A. D. 1952.

[SEAL] THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Gommzssz'onar of Patents. 

